Root

Original Meaning/

Usage Notes

English Derivatives

Vocabulary

(base)

pet- [from Latin]

(verb)

to seek, to beseech

appetite

to compete [literally, ‘to seek together with (another);’ to vie with one or more persons, perhaps for a prize.]

impetus [literally, ‘a seeking unto;’ a propelling or inciting force.]

perpetual [literally, ‘seeking through (to the end);’ eternal.]

petition

repetitive [literally, ‘seeking again;’ done over and over again.]

appetite (noun) [literally, ‘a seeking toward;’ an instinctual striving or desire, such as for (toward) food.]

petition (noun) [literally, ‘a seeking;’ a formal request for what is believed to be rightfully one’s own.]

Root

Original Meaning/

Usage Notes

English Derivatives

Vocabulary

ana- [from Greek]

(preposition)

up

anabasis [literally, ‘a going up;’ a massive military expedition (cf. the current military expression, “going up country”).]

anachronism [literally, ‘up-time-ness;’ something or someone presented as appearing in a time period earlier than the time period in which it could have appeared first; deliberately moving something up in time, especially in a work of fiction.]

anagram

analects [literally, ‘things picked up;’ a collection of literary selections; an anthology.]

analysis

anatomy [literally, ‘cutting up;’ the science that cuts into a plant or animal to study its structure.]

anagram (noun) [literally, ‘a thing written up;’ a word or phrase formed by reordering the letters of another word or phrase.]

analysis (noun) [literally, ‘a loosening up;’ the breaking up of a whole into its constituent parts.]

Root

Original Meaning/

Usage Notes

English Derivatives

Vocabulary

(base)

flu-/flux-/fluv- [from Latin]

(verb)

to flow

affluent

effluence [literally, ‘a flowing out of.’]

fluent [literally, ‘flowing;’ able to perform smoothly and naturally.]

fluid [literally, ‘a flowing thing;’ a substance whose molecules move freely to assume the shape of its container.]

flux [literally, ‘a flowing;’ constant or frequent change; flow.]

superfluous

affluent (adjective) [literally, ‘flowing to;’ wealthy.]

superfluous (adjective) [literally, ‘overflowing;’ more than is needed or proper.]

Root

Original Meaning/

Usage Notes

English Derivatives

Vocabulary

(base)

plic-/plex- (-ply) [from Latin]

(verb)

to fold

complex

to complicate [literally, ‘to fold together;’ to make complex.]

to explicate [literally, ‘to fold out of;’ to disentangle the meaning of.]

explicit [literally, ‘folded out of;’ openly expressed; out in the open.]

implicit [literally, ‘folded into;’ expressed indirectly; implied.]

to multiply

complex (noun) [literally, ‘a folded together thing;’ an intricately interconnected system.]

to multiply (verb) [literally, to make manifold;’ to increase in amount, number, or degree.]

Root

Original Meaning/

Usage Notes

English Derivatives

Vocabulary

(base)

ple-/plet-/plen- [from Latin]

(verb/adjective)

to fill/full

complementary

to complete [literally, ‘to fill together with;’ to bring to an end; to do entirely.]

to deplete [literally, ‘to take down from full;’ to make less full; to empty out.]

plenary [literally, ‘full;’ fully empowered or attended.]

replete

to supplement [literally, ‘to fill from under;’ to compensate for a deficiency; to add what is needed for completeness.]

complementary (adjective) [literally, ‘full together with;’ completing numerically (as an angle) or grammatically (as an infinitive).]

replete (adjective) [literally, ‘full again;’ filled abundantly.]

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Root

Original Meaning/

Usage Notes

English Derivatives

Vocabulary

cata- [from Greek]

(preposition)

in accordance with, against, down

[Note: Before vowels or ‘h,’ it becomes ‘cat-.’]

catalyst

cataract [literally, ‘a thing that strikes down;’ a big waterfall; in medicine, an opacity of the lens of the eye that impairs vision.]

catastrophe [literally, ‘a turning down;’ a big, perhaps sudden, calamity.]

cathedral [literally, ‘in accordance with the seat;’ a big church that is administratively important in its geographical region.]

catheter [literally, ‘to throw down;’ a hollow, flexible tube inserted into a body vessel to allow the passage of fluids.]

catholic

catalyst (noun) [literally, ‘a thing that loosens down;’ a substance that effects a reaction without itself being changed in the process.]

catholic (adjective) [literally, ‘in accordance with the whole;’ having expansive tastes; universal.]

Root

Original Meaning/

Usage Notes

English Derivatives

Vocabulary

(base)

sequ-/secut- [from Latin]

(verb)

to follow

to execute [literally, ‘to follow out (to the end);’ to carry out fully; to kill retributively for perceived cause.]

non sequitur

obsequious [literally, ‘following with regard to;’ showing slavish obedience; fawning.]

to persecute [literally, ‘to follow thoroughly;’ to mistreat a person or group of persons doggedly and persistently, particularly on account of the person’s or group’s religion, ethnicity, or sexual orientation. ]

to prosecute

sequel [literally, ‘following thing;’ a continuation.]

non sequitur (noun) [literally, ‘it does not follow;’ an assertion that does not follow logically from the assertions that preceded it.]

to prosecute (verb) [literally, ‘to follow forth;’ to instigate legal action against someone; to carry out.]

Root

Original Meaning/

Usage Notes

English Derivatives

Vocabulary

(base)

sec(t)- [from Latin]

(verb)

to cut

to bisect [literally, ‘to cut in two.’]

to dissect

to intersect [literally, ‘to cut among or between;’ to cut across or through.]

secant [literally, ‘cutting;’ a straight line intersecting a curve at two or more points.]

section

to transect [literally, ‘to cut across;’ to divide by cutting crosswise.]

to dissect (verb) [literally, ‘to cut apart;’ to cut an organism apart in the service of anatomical research.]

section (noun) [literally, ‘a cutting;’ one portion of a larger whole.]

Root

Original Meaning/

Usage Notes

English Derivatives

Vocabulary

(base)

vid-/vis- [from Latin]

(verb)

to see

evident [literally, ‘seeing (stand) out;’ seen easily; obvious.]

to provide

to supervise [literally, ‘to oversee;’ to be in charge; to superintend; to direct.]

television

visible [literally, ‘seeable;’ seen or able to be seen.]

vision [literally, ‘seeing;’ the faculty of seeing; sense of sight.]

to provide (verb) [literally, ‘to see forward;’ to prepare; to make available in anticipation of a need.]

television (noun) [literally, ‘seeing from afar;’ a device for transmitting visual images and sound over a distance.]

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Root

Original Meaning/

Usage Notes

English Derivatives

Vocabulary

(base)

dur- [from Latin]

(adjective)

hard, harsh

durable

durance [literally, ‘harshness;’ imprisonment.]

duration [literally, ‘staying hard (for a time);’ period of continuation in time.]

duress [literally, ‘harshness;’ forcefully threatening conditions; coercion.]

obdurate

perdurable [literally, ‘able to stay hard through (time);’ extremely long-lasting.]

durable (adjective) [literally, ‘able to stay hard;’ able to resist decay; long-lasting.]

obdurate (adjective) [literally, ‘harsh against;’ unrepentant in wickedness; intractable.]

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